AUCTION TITLE/PREVIEW DATES

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SPECIALISTS & SERVICES

SPECIALISTS

London
Damian Vesey
Associate Specialist
dvesey@christies.com
Tel: +44 (0)20 7389 2700
Fax: +44 (0)20 7389 2326

New York
Deepanjana Klein
International
Head of Department
dklein@christies.com
Rashmi Viswanathan
Associate Specialist
rviswanathan@christies.com
Tel: +1 212 636 2190
Fax: +1 212 636 4934

Mumbai
Sonal Singh
Head of Department
ssingh@christies.com
Nishad Avari
Associate Specialist
navari@christies.com
Tel: +91 22 2280 7905
Fax: +91 22 2280 7911

Consultants
Arun Vadehra
Meneka Paul Lakhanpal

AUCTION ADMINISTRATORS
London
Georgina Bale
Administrator
gbale@christies.com
Tel: +44 (0)20 7389 2831
Fax: +44 (0)20 7389 2326

New York
Anita Mehta
Senior International Adminstrator
amehta@christies.com
Tel: +1 212 636 2190
Fax: +1 212 636 4934

Mumbai
Umah Jacob
Adminstrator
ujacob@christies.com
Tel: +91 22 2280 7905
Fax: +91 22 2280 7911

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Julia Grant
jgrant@christies.com
Tel: +44 (0)207 752 3113

SERVICES
ABSENTEE AND TELEPHONE BIDS
Tel: +44 (0)20 7389 2658
Fax: +44 (0)20 7930 8870
Internet: www.christies.com

AUCTION RESULTS
UK: +44 (0)20 7839 9060
US: +1 212 703 8080
Internet: www.christies.com

CATALOGUES ONLINE
Lotfinder®
Internet: www.christies.com

CLIENT SERVICES
Tel: +44 (0)20 7839 9060
Fax: +44 (0)20 7389 2869
Email : info@christies.com

SHIPPING
Tel: + 44 (0)20 7389 2712
Fax: +44 (0)20 7389 2869

STORAGE AND COLLECTION
Tel: + 44 (0)20 7839 9060
Fax: +44 (0)20 7389 2869

AUCTION SERVICES
CHRISTIE’S AUCTION ESTIMATES
Tel: +1 212 636 2615
Fax: +1 212 636 4954
info@christies.com

CORPORATE COLLECTIONS
Tel: +1 212 636 2375
Fax: +1 212 636 2370
sfarber@christies.com

ESTATES AND APPRAISALS
Tel: +1 212 636 2400
Fax: +1 212 636 2370
info@christies.com

MUSEUM SERVICES
Tel: +1 212 636 2620
Fax: +1 212 636 4931
awhiting@christies.com

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IMPORTANT NOTICES

IMPORTANT NOTICES

CHRISTIE’S INTEREST IN PROPERTY
CONSIGNED FOR AUCTION
From time to time, Christie’s may offer a lot which it
owns in whole or in part. Such property is identified in
the catalogue with the symbol Δ next to its lot number.
On occasion, Christie’s has a direct financial interest in
lots consigned for sale, which may include guaranteeing a
minimum price or making an advance to the consignor that
is secured solely by consigned property. Where Christie’s
holds such financial interest on its own we identify such lots
with the symbol º next to the lot number. Where Christie’s
has financed all or part of such interest through a third party
the lots are identified in the catalogue with the symbol
º♦. When a third party agrees to finance all or part of
Christie’s interest in a lot, it takes on all or part of the
risk of the lot not being sold, and will be remunerated in
exchange for accepting this risk based on a fixed fee if the
third party is the successful bidder or on the final hammer
price in the event that the third party is not the successful
bidder. The third party may also bid for the lot. Where it
does so, and is the successful bidder, the remuneration may
be netted against the final purchase price. If the lot is not
sold, the third party may incur a loss.
Third party guarantors are required by us to disclose to
their clients their financial interest in any lots they are
guaranteeing. However, for the avoidance of any doubts,
if you are advised by or bidding through an agent on a lot
identified as being subject to a third party guarantee you
should always ask your agent to confirm whether or not he
or she has a financial interest in relation to the lot.
Please see http://www.christies.com/financialinterest/
for a more detailed explanation of minimum
price guarantees and third party financing arrangements.
Where Christie’s has an ownership or financial interest
in every lot in the catalogue, Christie’s will not designate
each lot with a symbol, but will state its interest at the
front of the catalogue.

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EXPLANATION OF CATALOGUING

EXPLANATION OF
CATALOGUING PRACTICE

FOR PICTURES, DRAWINGS, PRINTS AND
MINIATURES
Terms used in this catalogue have the meanings ascribed
to them below. Please note that all statements in this
catalogue as to authorship are made subject to the
provisions of the Conditions of Sale and authenticity
warranty. Buyers are advised to inspect the property
themselves. Written condition reports are usually
available on request.
Qualified Headings
In Christie’s opinion a work by the artist.
*‘Attributed to …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion probably a work by the
artist in whole or in part.
*‘Studio of …’/ ‘Workshop of …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion a work executed in the
studio or workshop of the artist, possibly under his
supervision.
*‘Circle of …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion a work of the period of the
artist and showing his influence.
*‘Follower of …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion a work executed in the
artist’s style but not necessarily by a pupil.
*‘Manner of …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion a work executed in the
artist’s style but of a later date.
*‘After …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion a copy (of any date) of a
work of the artist.
‘Signed …’/‘Dated …’/‘Inscribed …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion the work has been signed/
dated/inscribed by the artist.
‘Wi th signature …’/ ‘With date …’/
‘With inscription …’
In Christie’s qualified opinion the signature/
date/inscription appears to be by a hand other than that
of the artist.
The date given for Old Master, Modern and
Contemporary Prints is the date (or approximate date
when prefixed with ‘circa’) on which the matrix was
worked and not necessarily the date when the impression
was printed or published.
*This term and its definition in this Explanation of
Cataloguing Practice are a qualified statement as to
authorship. While the use of this term is based upon
careful study and represents the opinion of specialists,
Christie’s and the consignor assume no risk, liability
and responsibility for the authenticity of authorship
of any lot in this catalogue described by this term, and
the authenticity warranty shall not be available with
respect to lots described using this term.

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CONDITIONS OF SALE

CONDITIONS OF SALE
These Conditions of Sale and the Important Notices
and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice set out
the terms on which we offer the lots listed in this
catalogue for sale. By registering to bid and/or by
bidding at auction you agree to these terms, so
you should read them carefully before doing so.
You will find a glossary at the end explaining the
meaning of the words and expressions coloured
in bold.
Unless we own a lot (Δ symbol, Christie’s acts as
agent for the seller.

A BEFORE THE SALE
1 DESCRIPTION OF LOTS
(a) Certain words used in the catalogue description
have special meanings. You can find details of
these on the page headed ‘Important Notices and
Explanation of Cataloguing Practice’ which forms
part of these terms. You can find a key to the
Symbols found next to certain catalogue entries
under the section of the catalogue called ‘Symbols
Used in this Catalogue’.
(b) Our description of any lot in the catalogue,
any condition report and any other statement
made by us (whether orally or in writing) about
any lot, including about its nature or condition,
artist, period, materials, approximate dimensions
or provenance are our opinion and not to be
relied upon as a statement of fact. We do not carry
out in-depth research of the sort carried out by
professional historians and scholars. All dimensions
and weights are approximate only.

2 OUR RESPONSIBILITY FOR OUR
DESCRIPTION OF LOTS
We do not provide any guarantee in relation to
the nature of a lot apart from our authenticity
warranty contained in paragraph E2 and to the
extent provided in paragraph I below.

3 CONDITION
(a) The condition of lots sold in our auctions
can vary widely due to factors such as age, previous
damage, restoration, repair and wear and tear. Their
nature means that they will rarely be in perfect
condition. Lots are sold ‘as is’, in the condition
they are in at the time of the sale, without any
representation or warranty or assumption of liability
of any kind as to condition by Christie’s or by the
seller.
(b) Any reference to condition in a catalogue
entry or in a condition report will not amount to a
full description of condition, and images may not
show a lot clearly. Colours and shades may look
different in print or on screen to how they look
on physical inspection. Condition reports may be
available to help you evaluate the condition of a
lot. Condition reports are provided free of charge
as a convenience to our buyers and are for guidance
only. They offer our opinion but they may not refer
to all faults, inherent defects, restoration, alteration
or adaptation because our staff are not professional
restorers or conservators. For that reason they are
not an alternative to examining a lot in person
or taking your own professional advice. It is your
responsibility to ensure that you have requested,
received and considered any condition report.

4 VIEWING LOTS PRE-AUCTION
(a) If you are planning to bid on a lot, you should
inspect it personally or through a knowledgeable
representative before you make a bid to make sure
that you accept the description and its condition.
We recommend you get your own advice from a
restorer or other professional adviser.
(b) Pre-auction viewings are open to the public
free of charge. Our specialists may be available to
answer questions at pre-auction viewings or by
appointment.

5 ESTIMATES
Estimates are based on the condition, rarity,
quality and provenance of the lots and on
prices recently paid at auction for similar property.
Estimates can change. Neither you, nor anyone
else, may rely on any estimates as a prediction
or guarantee of the actual selling price of a lot or
its value for any other purpose. Estimates do not
include the buyer’s premium or any applicable
taxes.

6 WITHDRAWAL
Christie’s may, at its option, withdraw any lot at any
time prior to or during the sale of the lot. Christie’s
has no liability to you for any decision to withdraw.

7 JEWELLERY
(a) Coloured gemstones (such as rubies, sapphires
and emeralds) may have been treated to improve
their look, through methods such as heating and
oiling. These methods are accepted by the international
jewellery trade but may make the gemstone
less strong and/or require special care over time.
(b) All types of gemstones may have been improved
by some method. You may request a gemmological
report for any item which does not have a report if the
request is made to us at least three weeks before the
date of the auction and you pay the fee for the report.
(c) We do not obtain a gemmological report for
every gemstone sold in our auctions. Where we
do get gemmological reports from internationally
accepted gemmological laboratories, such reports
will be described in the catalogue. Reports from
American gemmological laboratories will describe
any improvement or treatment to the gemstone.
Reports from European gemmological laboratories
will describe any improvement or treatment only
if we request that they do so, but will confirm
when no improvement or treatment has been
made. Because of differences in approach and
technology, laboratories may not agree whether a
particular gemstone has been treated, the amount
of treatment or whether treatment is permanent.
The gemmological laboratories will only report
on the improvements or treatments known to the
laboratories at the date of the report.
(d) For jewellery sales, estimates are based on the
information in any gemmological report or, if no
report is available, assume that the gemstones may
have been treated or enhanced.

8 WATCHES & CLOCKS
(a) Almost all clocks and watches are repaired in
their lifetime and may include parts which are
not original. We do not give a warranty that
any individual component part of any watch is
authentic. Watchbands described as ‘associated’
are not part of the original watch and may not be
authentic. Clocks may be sold without pendulums,
weights or keys.
(b) As collectors’ watches often have very fine and
complex mechanisms, a general service, change of
battery or further repair work may be necessary,
for which you are responsible. We do not give a
warranty that any watch is in good working order.
Certificates are not available unless described in
the catalogue.
(c) Most wristwatches have been opened to find out
the type and quality of movement. For that reason,
wristwatches with water resistant cases may not be
waterproof and we recommend you have them
checked by a competent watchmaker before use.
Important information about the sale, transport and
shipping of watches and watchbands can be found
in paragraph H2(h).

B REGISTERING TO BID
1 NEW BIDDERS
(a) If this is your first time bidding at Christie’s or
you are a returning bidder who has not bought
anything from any of our salerooms within the last
two years you must register at least 48 hours before
an auction to give us enough time to process and
approve your registration. We may, at our option,
decline to permit you to register as a bidder. You
will be asked for the following:
(i) for individuals: Photo identification (driving
licence, national identity card or passport) and, if
not shown on the ID document, proof of your
current address (for example, a current utility bill
or bank statement).
(ii) for corporate clients: Your Certificate of
Incorporation or equivalent document(s) showing
your name and registered address together with
documentary proof of directors and beneficial
owners; and
(iii) for trusts, partnerships, offshore companies
and other business structures, please contact us in
advance to discuss our requirements.
(b) We may also ask you to give us a financial
reference and/or a deposit as a condition of
allowing you to bid. For help, please contact our
Credit Department on +44 (0)20 7839 9060.

2 RETURNING BIDDERS
We may at our option ask you for current identification
as described in paragraph B1(a) above,
a financial reference or a deposit as a condition
of allowing you to bid. If you have not bought
anything from any of our salerooms in the last two
years or if you want to spend more than on previous
occasions, please contact our Credit Department on
+44 (0)20 7839 9060.

3 IF YOU FAIL TO PROVIDE THE
RIGHT DOCUMENTS
If in our opinion you do not satisfy our bidder
identification and registration procedures including,
but not limited to completing any anti-money
laundering and/or anti-terrorism financing checks
we may require to our satisfaction, we may refuse
to register you to bid, and if you make a successful
bid, we may cancel the contract for sale between
you and the seller.

4 BIDDING ON BEHALF OF
ANOTHER PERSON
If you are bidding on behalf of another person,
that person will need to complete the registration
requirements above before you can bid, and supply
a signed letter authorising you to bid for him/
her. A bidder accepts personal liability to pay the
purchase price and all other sums due unless it
has been agreed in writing with Christie’s before
commencement of the auction that the bidder is
acting as an agent on behalf of a named third party
acceptable to Christie’s and that Christie’s will only
seek payment from the named third party.

5 BIDDING IN PERSON
If you wish to bid in the saleroom you must
register for a numbered bidding paddle at least
30 minutes before the auction. You may register
online at www.christies.com or in person. For
help, please contact the Credit Department on +44
(0)20 7839 9060.

6 BIDDING SERVICES
The bidding services described below are a free
service offered as a convenience to our clients and
Christie’s is not responsible for any error (human
or otherwise), omission or breakdown in providing
these services.
(a) Phone Bids
Your request for this service must be made no
later than 24 hours prior to the auction. We
will accept bids by telephone for lots only if our
staff are available to take the bids. If you need
to bid in a language other than in English, you
must arrange this well before the auction. We
may record telephone bids. By bidding on the
telephone, you are agreeing to us recording your
conversations. You also agree that your telephone
bids are governed by these Conditions of Sale.
(b) Internet Bids on Christie’s Live™
For certain auctions we will accept bids over
the Internet. Please visit www.christies.com/
livebidding and click on the ‘Bid Live’ icon to see
details of how to watch, hear and bid at the auction
from your computer. As well as these Conditions
of Sale, internet bids are governed by the Christie’s
LIVEG terms of use which are available on www.
christies.com.
(c) Written Bids
You can find a Written Bid Form at the back of our
catalogues, at any Christie’s office or by choosing
the sale and viewing the lots online at www.
christies.com. We must receive your completed
Written Bid Form at least 24 hours before the
auction. Bids must be placed in the currency of the
saleroom. The auctioneer will take reasonable steps
to carry out written bids at the lowest possible price,
taking into account the reserve. If you make a
written bid on a lot which does not have a reserve
and there is no higher bid than yours, we will bid
on your behalf at around 50% of the low estimate
or, if lower, the amount of your bid. If we receive
written bids on a lot for identical amounts, and at
the auction these are the highest bids on the lot,
we will sell the lot to the bidder whose written bid
we received first.

C AT THE SALE
1 WHO CAN ENTER THE AUCTION
We may, at our option, refuse admission to our
premises or decline to permit participation in any
auction or to reject any bid.

2 RESERVES
Unless otherwise indicated, all lots are subject to a
reserve. We identify lots that are offered without
reserve with the symbol £ next to the lot number.
The reserve cannot be more than the lot’s low
estimate.

3 AUCTIONEER’S DISCRETION
The auctioneer can at his sole option:
(a) refuse any bid;
(b) move the bidding backwards or forwards in any
way he or she may decide, or change the order of
the lots;
(c) withdraw any lot;
(d) divide any lot or combine any two or more
lots;
(e) reopen or continue the bidding even after the
hammer has fallen; and
(f) in the case of error or dispute and whether
during or after the auction, to continue the bidding,
determine the successful bidder, cancel the sale of
the lot, or reoffer and resell any lot. If any dispute
relating to bidding arises during or after the auction,
the auctioneer’s decision in exercise of this option is
final.

4 BIDDING
The auctioneer accepts bids from:
(a) bidders in the saleroom;
(b) telephone bidders, and internet bidders through
‘Christie’s LIVEG (as shown above in Section B6);
and
(c) written bids (also known as absentee bids or
commission bids) left with us by a bidder before the
auction.

5 BIDDING ON BEHALF OF THE SELLER
The auctioneer may, at his or her sole option, bid
on behalf of the seller up to but not including
the amount of the reserve either by making
consecutive bids or by making bids in response
to other bidders. The auctioneer will not identify
these as bids made on behalf of the seller and will
not make any bid on behalf of the seller at or above
the reserve. If lots are offered without reserve, the
auctioneer will generally decide to open the bidding
at 50% of the low estimate for the lot. If no bid
is made at that level, the auctioneer may decide to
go backwards at his or her sole option until a bid
is made, and then continue up from that amount.
In the event that there are no bids on a lot, the
auctioneer may deem such lot unsold.

6 BID INCREMENTS
Bidding generally starts below the low estimate and
increases in steps (bid increments). The auctioneer
will decide at his or her sole option where the
bidding should start and the bid increments. The
usual bid increments are shown for guidance only on
the Written Bid Form at the back of this catalogue.

7 CURRENCY CONVERTER
The saleroom video screens (and Christies LIVETM)
may show bids in some other major currencies as
well as sterling. Any conversion is for guidance only
and we cannot be bound by any rate of exchange
used. Christie’s is not responsible for any error
(human or otherwise), omission or breakdown in
providing these services.

8 SUCCESSFUL BIDS
Unless the auctioneer decides to use his or her
discretion as set out in paragraph C3 above, when
the auctioneer’s hammer strikes, we have accepted
the last bid. This means a contract for sale has been
formed between the seller and the successful bidder.
We will issue an invoice only to the registered
bidder who made the successful bid. While we
send out invoices by post and/or email after the
auction , we do not accept responsibility for telling
you whether or not your bid was successful. If you
have bid by written bid, you should contact us by
telephone or in person as soon as possible after the
auction to get details of the outcome of your bid
to avoid having to pay unnecessary storage charges.
9 LOCAL BIDDING LAWS

You agree that when bidding in any of our sales
that you will strictly comply with all local laws and
regulations in force at the time of the sale for the
relevant sale site.

D THE BUYER’S PREMIUM, TAXES
AND ARTIST’S RESALE ROYALTY

1 THE BUYER’S PREMIUM
In addition to the hammer price, the successful
bidder agrees to pay us a buyer’s premium
on the hammer price of each lot sold. On all
lots we charge 25% of the hammer price up
to and including %50,000, 20% on that part of
the hammer price over %50,000 and up to and
including %1,000,000, and 12% of that part of the
hammer price above %1,000,000.

2 TAXES
The successful bidder is responsible for any applicable
tax including any VAT, sales or compensating use
tax or equivalent tax wherever they arise on the
hammer price and the buyer’s premium. It is
the buyer’s responsibility to ascertain and pay all
taxes due. You can find details of how VAT and
VAT reclaims are dealt with in the section of the
catalogue headed ‘VAT Symbols and Explanation’.
VAT charges and refunds depend on the particular
circumstances of the buyer so this section, which
is not exhaustive, should be used only as a general
guide. In all circumstances EU and UK law takes
precedence. If you have any questions about VAT,
please contact Christie’s VAT Department on +44
(0)20 7839 9060 (email: VAT_london@christies.
com, fax: +44 (0)20 3219 6076).

3 ARTIST’S RESALE ROYALTY
In certain countries, local laws entitle the artist or
the artist’s estate to a royalty known as ‘artist’s resale
right’ when any lot created by the artist is sold. We
identify these lots with the symbol λ next to the
lot number. If these laws apply to a lot, you must
pay us an extra amount equal to the royalty. We
will pay the royalty to the appropriate authority on
the seller’s behalf.
The artist’s resale royalty applies if the hammer
price of the lot is 1,000 euro or more. The total
royalty for any lot cannot be more than 12,500
euro. We work out the amount owed as follows:
Royalty for the portion of the hammer price
(in euros)
4% up to 50,000
3% between 50,000.01 and 200,000
1% between 200,000.01 and 350,000
0.50% between 350,000.01 and 500,000
over 500,000, the lower of 0.25% and 12,500 euro.
We will work out the artist’s resale royalty using the
euro to sterling rate of exchange of the European
Central Bank on the day of the auction.

E WARRANTIES

1 SELLER’S WARRANTIES
For each lot, the seller gives a warranty that the
seller:
(a) is the owner of the lot or a joint owner of
the lot acting with the permission of the other
co-owners or, if the seller is not the owner or a joint
owner of the lot, has the permission of the owner to
sell the lot, or the right to do so in law; and
(b) has the right to transfer ownership of the lot
to the buyer without any restrictions or claims by
anyone else.
If either of the above warranties are incorrect, the
seller shall not have to pay more than the purchase
price (as defined in paragraph F1(a) below) paid
by you to us. The seller will not be responsible to
you for any reason for loss of profits or business,
expected savings, loss of opportunity or interest,
costs, damages, other damages or expenses. The
seller gives no warranty in relation to any lot
other than as set out above and, as far as the seller
is allowed by law, all warranties from the seller
to you, and all other obligations upon the seller
which may be added to this agreement by law, are
excluded.

2 OUR AUTHENTICITY WARRANTY
We warrant, subject to the terms below, that the lots in
our sales are authentic (our ‘authenticity warranty’).
If, within five years of the date of the auction, you
satisfy us that your lot is not authentic, subject to the
terms below, we will refund the purchase price paid
by you. The meaning of authentic can be found in
the glossary at the end of these Conditions of Sale. The
terms of the authenticity warranty are as follows:
(a) It will be honoured for a period of five years
from the date of the auction. After such time, we
will not be obligated to honour the authenticity
warranty.
(b) It is given only for information shown in
UPPERCASE type in the first line of the
catalogue description (the ‘Heading’). It does
not apply to any information other than in the
Heading even if shown in UPPERCASE type.
(c) The authenticity warranty does not apply
to any Heading or part of a Heading which
is qualified. Qualified means limited by a
clarification in a lot’s catalogue description or
by the use in a Heading of one of the terms listed
in the section titled Qualified Headings on the
page of the catalogue headed ‘Important Notices
and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice’. For
example, use of the term ‘ATTRIBUTED TO…’
in a Heading means that the lot is in Christie’s
opinion probably a work by the named artist but no
warranty is provided that the lot is the work of the
named artist. Please read the full list of Qualified
Headings and a lot’s full catalogue description
before bidding.
(d) The authenticity warranty applies to the
Heading as amended by any Saleroom Notice.
(e) The authenticity warranty does not apply
where scholarship has developed since the auction
leading to a change in generally accepted opinion.
Further, it does not apply if the Heading either
matched the generally accepted opinion of experts
at the date of the sale or drew attention to any
conflict of opinion.
(f) The authenticity warranty does not apply if
the lot can only be shown not to be authentic by
a scientific process which, on the date we published
the catalogue, was not available or generally
accepted for use, or which was unreasonably
expensive or impractical, or which was likely to
have damaged the lot.
(g) The benefit of the authenticity warranty
is only available to the original buyer shown on
the invoice for the lot issued at the time of the
sale and only if the original buyer has owned the
lot continuously between the date of the auction
and the date of claim. It may not be transferred to
anyone else.
(h) In order to claim under the authenticity
warranty you must:
(i) give us written details, including full supporting
evidence, of any claim within five years of the date
of the auction;
(ii) at Christie’s option, we may require you to
provide the written opinions of two recognised
experts in the field of the lot mutually agreed by
you and us in advance confirming that the lot is
not authentic. If we have any doubts, we reserve
the right to obtain additional opinions at our
expense; and
(iii) return the lot at your expense to the saleroom
from which you bought it in the condition it was
in at the time of sale.
(i) Your only right under this authenticity
warranty is to cancel the sale and receive a refund
of the purchase price paid by you to us. We
will not, in any circumstances, be required to pay
you more than the purchase price nor will we
be liable for any loss of profits or business, loss of
opportunity or value, expected savings or interest,
costs, damages, other damages or expenses.
(j) Books. Where the lot is a book, we give an
additional warranty for 14 days from the date of
the sale that if on collation any lot is defective in
text or illustration, we will refund your purchase
price, subject to the following terms:
(a) This additional warranty does not apply to:
(i) the absence of blanks, half titles, tissue guards
or advertisements, damage in respect of bindings,
stains, spotting, marginal tears or other defects not
affecting completeness of the text or illustration;
(ii) drawings, autographs, letters or manuscripts,
signed photographs, music, atlases, maps or
periodicals;
(iii) books not identified by title;
(iv) lots sold without a printed estimate;
(v) books which are described in the catalogue as
sold not subject to return; or
(vi) defects stated in any condition report or
announced at the time of sale.
(b) To make a claim under this paragraph you must
give written details of the defect and return the lot
to the sale room at which you bought it in the same
condition as at the time of sale, within 14 days of
the date of the sale.

F PAYMENT

1 HOW TO PAY
(a) Immediately following the auction, you must
pay the purchase price being:
(i) the hammer price; and
(ii) the buyer’s premium; and
(iii) any amounts due under section D3 above; and
(iv) any duties, goods, sales, use, compensating or
service tax or VAT.
Payment is due no later than by the end of the
seventh calendar day following the date of the
auction (the ‘due date’).
(b) We will only accept payment from the
registered bidder. Once issued, we cannot change
the buyer’s name on an invoice or re-issue the
invoice in a different name. You must pay
immediately even if you want to export the lot and
you need an export licence.
(c) You must pay for lots bought at Christie’s in
the United Kingdom in the currency stated on the
invoice in one of the following ways:
(i) Wire transfer
You must make payments to:
Lloyds Bank Plc, City Office, PO Box 217, 72
Lombard Street, London EC3P 3BT. Account
number: 00172710, sort code: 30-00-02 Swift
code: LOYDGB2LCTY. IBAN (international bank
account number): GB81 LOYD 3000 0200 1727
10.
(ii) Credit Card.
We accept most major credit cards subject to certain
conditions. To make a ‘cardholder not present’
(CNP) payment, you must complete a CNP
authorisation form which you can get from our
Cashiers Department. You must send a completed
CNP authorisation form by fax to +44 (0)20 7389
2869 or by post to the address set out in paragraph
(d) below. If you want to make a CNP payment
over the telephone, you must call +44 (0)20 7839
9060. CNP payments cannot be accepted by all
salerooms and are subject to certain restrictions.
Details of the conditions and restrictions applicable
to credit card payments are available from our
Cashiers Department, whose details are set out in
paragraph (d) below.
(iii) Cash
We accept cash subject to a maximum of %5,000
per buyer per year at our Cashier’s Department only
(subject to conditions).
(iv) Banker’s draft
You must make these payable to Christie’s and there
may be conditions.
(v) Cheque
You must make cheques payable to Christie’s.
Cheques must be from accounts in pounds sterling
from a United Kingdom bank.
(d) You must quote the sale number, your
invoice number and client number when making
a payment. All payments sent by post must be sent
to: Christie’s, Cashiers Department, 8 King Street,
St James’s, London SW1Y 6QT.
(e) For more information please contact our
Cashiers Department by phone on +44 (0)20 7839
9060 or fax on +44 (0)20 7389 2869.

2. TRANSFERRING OWNERSHIP TO YOU
You will not own the lot and ownership of
the lot will not pass to you until we have
received full and clear payment of the
purchase price, even in circumstances
where we have released the lot to the buyer.

3 TRANSFERRING RISK TO YOU
The risk in and responsibility for the lot will
transfer to you from whichever is the earlier of the
following:
(a) When you collect the lot; or
(b) At the end of the seventh day following the
date of the auction or, if earlier, the date the lot is
taken into care by a third party warehouse as set out
on the page headed ‘Storage and Collection’, unless
we have agreed otherwise with you.

4 WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU DO NOT PAY
(a) If you fail to pay us the purchase price in full
by the due date, we will be entitled to do one or
more of the following (as well as enforce our rights
under paragraph F5 and any other rights or remedies
we have by law):
(i) to charge interest from the due date at a rate of
5% a year above the UK Lloyds Bank base rate from
time to time on the unpaid amount due;
(ii) we can cancel the sale of the lot. If we do this,
we may sell the lot again, publicly or privately on
such terms we shall think necessary or appropriate,
in which case you must pay us any shortfall between
the purchase price and the proceeds from the
resale. You must also pay all costs, expenses, losses,
damages and legal fees we have to pay or may suffer
and any shortfall in the seller’s commission on the
resale;
(iii) we can pay the seller an amount up to the net
proceeds payable in respect of the amount bid by
your default in which case you acknowledge and
understand that Christie’s will have all of the rights
of the seller to pursue you for such amounts;
(iv) we can hold you legally responsible for the
purchase price and may begin legal proceedings
to recover it together with other losses, interest,
legal fees and costs as far as we are allowed by law;
(v) we can take what you owe us from any amounts
which we or any company in the Christie’s Group
may owe you (including any deposit or other partpayment
which you have paid to us);
(vi) we can, at our option, reveal your identity and
contact details to the seller;
(vii) we can reject at any future auction any bids
made by or on behalf of the buyer or to obtain a
deposit from the buyer before accepting any bids;
(viii) to exercise all the rights and remedies of
a person holding security over any property in
our possession owned by you, whether by way
of pledge, security interest or in any other way
as permitted by the law of the place where such
property is located. You will be deemed to have
granted such security to us and we may retain such
property as collateral security for your obligations
to us; and
(ix) we can take any other action we see necessary
or appropriate.
(b) If you owe money to us or to another
Christie’s Group company, we can use any
amount you do pay, including any deposit or other
part-payment you have made to us, or which we
owe you, to pay off any amount you owe to us
or another Christie’s Group company for any
transaction.

5 KEEPING YOUR PROPERTY
If you owe money to us or to another Christie’s
Group company, as well as the rights set out in F4
above, we can use or deal with any of your property
we hold or which is held by another Christie’s
Group company in any way we are allowed to
by law. We will only release your property to you
after you pay us or the relevant Christie’s Group
company in full for what you owe. However, if we
choose, we can also sell your property in any way
we think appropriate. We will use the proceeds of
the sale against any amounts you owe us and we will
pay any amount left from that sale to you. If there is
a shortfall, you must pay us any difference between
the amount we have received from the sale and the
amount you owe us.

G COLLECTION AND STORAGE

1 COLLECTION
Once you have made full and clear payment, you
must collect the lot within seven days from the date
of the auction.
(a) You may not collect the lot until you have
made full and clear payment of all amounts due to
us.
(b) If you have paid for the lot in full but you do
not collect the lot within 90 calendar days after
the sale, we may sell it, unless otherwise agreed in
writing. If we do this, we will pay you the proceeds
of the sale after taking our storage charges and any
other amounts you owe us and any Christie’s
Group company.
(c) Information on collecting lots is set out on
an information sheet which you can get from the
bidder registration staff or Christie’s Cashiers +44
(0)20 7839 9060.

2 STORAGE
(a) If you have not collected the lot within seven
days from the date of the auction, we or our
appointed agents can:
(i) charge you storage fees while the lot is still at
our saleroom; or
(ii) remove the lot at our option to a warehouse
and charge you all transport and storage costs
(b) Details of the removal of the lot to a warehouse,
fees and costs are set out at the back of the catalogue
on the page headed ‘Storage and Collection’. You
may be liable to our agent directly for these costs

H TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING
1 TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING
We will enclose a transport and shipping form
with each invoice sent to you. You must make all
transport and shipping arrangements. However,
we can arrange to pack, transport and ship your
property if you ask us to and pay the costs of
doing so. We recommend that you ask us for an
estimate, especially for any large items or items
of high value that need professional packing before
you bid. We may also suggest other handlers,
packers, transporters or experts if you ask us to do
so. For more information, please contact Christie’s
Art Transport on +44 (0)20 7839 9060. See
the information set out at www.christies.com/
shipping or contact us at arttransport_london@
christies.com. We will take reasonable care when
we are handling, packing, transporting and shipping
a lot. However, if we recommend another company
for any of these purposes, we are not responsible for
their acts, failure to act or neglect.

2 EXPORT AND IMPORT
Any lot sold at auction may be affected by laws
on exports from the country in which it is sold
and the import restrictions of other countries.
Many countries require a declaration of export
for property leaving the country and/or an import
declaration on entry of property into the country.
Local laws may prevent you from importing a lot
or may prevent you selling a lot in the country you
import it into.
(a) You alone are responsible for getting advice
about and meeting the requirements of any laws or
regulations which apply to exporting or importing
any lot prior to bidding. If you are refused a licence
or there is a delay in getting one, you must still
pay us in full for the lot. We may be able to help
you apply for the appropriate licences if you ask
us to and pay our fee for doing so. However, we
cannot guarantee that you will get one. For more
information, please contact Christie’s Art Transport
Department on +44 (0)20 7839 9060. See the
information set out at www.christies.com/
shipping or contact us at arttransport_london@
christies.com.
(b) Lots made of protected species
Lots made of or including (regardless of the
percentage) endangered and other protected species
of wildlife are marked with the symbol ~ in the
catalogue. This material includes, among other
things, ivory, tortoiseshell, crocodile skin, rhinoceros
horn, whalebone, certain species of coral, and
Brazilian rosewood. You should check the relevant
customs laws and regulations before bidding on any
lot containing wildlife material if you plan to import
the lot into another country. Several countries
refuse to allow you to import property containing
these materials, and some other countries require
a licence from the relevant regulatory agencies in
the countries of exportation as well as importation.
In some cases, the lot can only be shipped with
an independent scientific confirmation of species
and/or age and you will need to obtain these at
your own cost. If a lot contains elephant ivory, or
any other wildlife material that could be confused
with elephant ivory (for example, mammoth ivory,
walrus ivory, helmeted hornbill ivory), please see
further important information in paragraph (c) if
you are proposing to import the lot into the USA.
We will not be obliged to cancel your purchase and
refund the purchase price if your lot may not be
exported, imported or it is seized for any reason by
a government authority. It is your responsibility
to determine and satisfy the requirements of any
applicable laws or regulations relating to the export
or import of property containing such protected or
regulated material.
(c) US import ban on African elephant ivory
The USA prohibits the import of ivory from the
African elephant. Any lot containing elephant
ivory or other wildlife material that could be
easily confused with elephant ivory (for example,
mammoth ivory, walrus ivory, helmeted hornbill
ivory) can only be imported into the US with
results of a rigorous scientific test acceptable to Fish
& Wildlife, which confirms that the material is not
African elephant ivory. Where we have conducted
such rigorous scientific testing on a lot prior to sale,
we will make this clear in the lot description. In
all other cases, we cannot confirm whether a lot
contains African elephant ivory, and you will buy
that lot at your own risk and be responsible for any
scientific test or other reports required for import
into the USA at your own cost. If such scientific test
is inconclusive or confirms the material is from the
African elephant, we will not be obliged to cancel
your purchase and refund the purchase price.
(d) Lots containing material that originates
from Burma (Myanmar)
Lots which contain rubies or jadeite originating in
Burma (Myanmar) may not generally be imported
into the United States. As a convenience to US
buyers, lots which contain rubies or jadeite of
Burmese or indeterminate origin have been marked
with the symbol ψ in the catalogue. In relation to
items that contain any other types of gemstones
originating in Burma (e.g. sapphires) such items may
be imported into the United States provided that the
gemstones have been mounted or incorporated into
jewellery outside of Burma and provided that the
setting is not of a temporary nature (e.g. a string).
(e) Lots of Iranian origin
Some countries prohibit or restrict the purchase and/
or import of Iranian-origin ‘works of conventional
craftsmanship’ (works that are not by a recognised
artist and/or that have a function, for example:
carpets, bowls, ewers, tiles, ornamental boxes). For
example, the USA prohibits the import of this
type of property and its purchase by US persons
(wherever located). Other countries, such as Canada,
only permit the import of this property in certain
circumstances. As a convenience to buyers, Christie’s
indicates under the title of a lot if the lot originates
from Iran (Persia). It is your responsibility to ensure
you do not bid on or import a lot in contravention
of the sanctions or trade embargoes that apply to you.
(f) Gold
Gold of less than 18ct does not qualify in all
countries as ‘gold’ and may be refused import into
those countries as ‘gold’.
(g) Jewellery over 50 years old
Under current laws, jewellery over 50 years old
which is worth %34,300 or more will require an
export licence which we can apply for on your
behalf. It may take up to eight weeks to obtain the
export jewellery licence.
(h) Watches
(i) Many of the watches offered for sale in
this catalogue are pictured with straps made of
endangered or protected animal materials such as
alligator or crocodile. These lots are marked with
the symbol ~ in the catalogue. These endangered
species straps are shown for display purposes only
and are not for sale. Christie’s will remove and
retain the strap prior to shipment from the sale
site. At some sale sites, Christie’s may, at its
discretion, make the displayed endangered species
strap available to the buyer of the lot free of charge
if collected in person from the sale site within one
year of the date of the sale. Please check with the
department for details on a particular lot.
(ii) The importation of luxury watches such as
Rolex into the United States is highly restricted.
Such watches may not be shipped to the United
States and can only be imported personally.
Generally, a buyer may import only one watch into
the United States at a time. In this catalogue, these
watches have been marked with a Φ. This will not
affect your responsibility to pay for the lot. For
further information please contact our specialists in
charge of the sale.
For all symbols and other markings referred to in
paragraph H2, please note that lots are marked as a
convenience to you, but we do not accept liability
for errors or for failing to mark lots.

I OUR LIABILITY TO YOU
(a) We give no warranty in relation to any
statement made, or information given, by us or our
representatives or employees, about any lot other
than as set out in the authenticity warranty and,
as far as we are allowed by law, all warranties and
other terms which may be added to this agreement
by law are excluded. The seller’s warranties
contained in paragraph E1 are their own and we
do not have any liability to you in relation to those
warranties.
(b) (i) We are not responsible to you for any reason
(whether for breaking this agreement or any other
matter relating to your purchase of, or bid for, any
lot) other than in the event of fraud or fraudulent
misrepresentation by us or other than as expressly set
out in these Conditions of Sale; or
(ii) give any representation, warranty or guarantee
or assume any liability of any kind in respect of
any lot with regard to merchantability, fitness
for a particular purpose, description, size, quality,
condition, attribution, authenticity, rarity,
importance, medium, provenance, exhibition
history, literature, or historical relevance. Except as
required by local law, any warranty of any kind is
excluded by this paragraph.
(c) In particular, please be aware that our written
and telephone bidding services, Christie’s LIVEG,
condition reports, currency converter and
saleroom video screens are free services and we
are not responsible to you for any error (human or
otherwise), omission or breakdown in these services.
(d) We have no responsibility to any person other
than a buyer in connection with the purchase of any
lot.
(e) If, in spite of the terms in paragraphs (a) to (d)
or E2(i) above, we are found to be liable to you for
any reason, we shall not have to pay more than the
purchase price paid by you to us. We will not be
responsible to you for any reason for loss of profits
or business, loss of opportunity or value, expected
savings or interest, costs, damages, or expenses.

J OTHER TERMS
1 OUR ABILITY TO CANCEL
In addition to the other rights of cancellation
contained in this agreement, we can cancel a sale of
a lot if we reasonably believe that completing the
transaction is, or may be, unlawful or that the sale
places us or the seller under any liability to anyone
else or may damage our reputation.

2 RECORDINGS
We may videotape and record proceedings at any
auction. We will keep any personal information
confidential, except to the extent disclosure is
required by law. However, we may, through this
process, use or share these recordings with another
Christie’s Group company and marketing partners
to analyse our customers and to help us to tailor
our services for buyers. If you do not want to be
videotaped, you may make arrangements to make
a telephone or written bid or bid on Christie’s
LIVEG instead. Unless we agree otherwise
in writing, you may not videotape or record
proceedings at any auction.

3 COPYRIGHT
We own the copyright in all images, illustrations and
written material produced by or for us relating to a
lot (including the contents of our catalogues unless
otherwise noted in the catalogue). You cannot use
them without our prior written permission. We
do not offer any guarantee that you will gain any
copyright or other reproduction rights to the lot.

4 ENFORCING THIS AGREEMENT
If a court finds that any part of this agreement is not
valid or is illegal or impossible to enforce, that part
of the agreement will be treated as being deleted
and the rest of this agreement will not be affected.

5 TRANSFERRING YOUR RIGHTS
AND RESPONSIBILITIES
You may not grant a security over or transfer your
rights or responsibilities under these terms on the
contract of sale with the buyer unless we have
given our written permission. This agreement will
be binding on your successors or estate and anyone
who takes over your rights and responsibilities.

6 TRANSLATIONS
If we have provided a translation of this agreement,
we will use this original version in deciding any
issues or disputes which arise under this agreement.

7 PERSONAL INFORMATION
We will hold and process your personal information
and may pass it to another Christie’s Group
company for use as described in, and in line with,
our privacy policy at www.christies.com.

8 WAIVER
No failure or delay to exercise any right or remedy
provided under these Conditions of Sale shall
constitute a waiver of that or any other right or
remedy, nor shall it prevent or restrict the further
exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No
single or partial exercise of such right or remedy
shall prevent or restrict the further exercise of that
or any other right or remedy.

9 LAW AND DISPUTES
This agreement, and any non-contractual obligations
arising out of or in connection with this agreement, or
any other rights you may have relating to the purchase
of a lot will be governed by the laws of England and
Wales. Before we or you start any court proceedings
(except in the limited circumstances where the dispute,
controversy or claim is related to proceedings brought
by someone else and this dispute could be joined
to those proceedings), we agree we will each try to
settle the dispute by mediation following the Centre
for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) Model
Mediation Procedure. We will use a mediator affiliated
with CEDR who we and you agree to. If the dispute is
not settled by mediation, you agree for our benefit that
the dispute will be referred to and dealt with exclusively
in the courts of England and Wales. However, we will
have the right to bring proceedings against you in any
other court.

10 REPORTING ON
WWW.CHRISTIES.COM
Details of all lots sold by us, including catalogue
descriptions and prices, may be reported on
www.christies.com. Sales totals are hammer
price plus buyer’s premium and do not reflect
costs, financing fees, or application of buyer’s or
seller’s credits. We regret that we cannot agree
to requests to remove these details from www.
christies.com.

K GLOSSARY
authentic: a genuine example, rather than a copy
or forgery of:
(i) the work of a particular artist, author or
manufacturer, if the lot is described in the
Heading as the work of that artist, author or
manufacturer;
(ii) a work created within a particular period or
culture, if the lot is described in the Heading as a
work created during that period or culture;
(iii) a work for a particular origin source if the lot
is described in the Heading as being of that origin
or source; or
(iv) in the case of gems, a work which is made of
a particular material, if the lot is described in the
Heading as being made of that material.
authenticity warranty: the guarantee we give in
this agreement that a lot is authentic as set out in
section E2 of this agreement.
buyer’s premium: the charge the buyer pays us
along with the hammer price.
catalogue description: the description of a lot
in the catalogue for the auction, as amended by any
saleroom notice.
Christie’s Group: Christie’s International Plc,
its subsidiaries and other companies within its
corporate group.
condition: the physical condition of a lot.
due date: has the meaning given to it in paragraph
F1(a).
estimate: the price range included in the catalogue
or any saleroom notice within which we believe
a lot may sell. Low estimate means the lower
figure in the range and high estimate means the
higher figure. The mid estimate is the midpoint
between the two.
hammer price: the amount of the highest bid the
auctioneer accepts for the sale of a lot.
Heading: has the meaning given to it in paragraph
E2.
lot: an item to be offered at auction (or two or
more items to be offered at auction as a group).
other damages: any special, consequential,
incidental or indirect damages of any kind or any
damages which fall within the meaning of ‘special’,
‘incidental’ or ‘consequential’ under local law.
purchase price: has the meaning given to it in
paragraph F1(a).
provenance: the ownership history of a lot.
qualified: has the meaning given to it in paragraph
E2 and Qualified Headings means the section
headed Qualified Headings on the page of
the catalogue headed ‘Important Notices and
Explanation of Cataloguing Practice’.
reserve: the confidential amount below which we
will not sell a lot.
saleroom notice: a written notice posted next to
the lot in the saleroom and on www.christies.
com, which is also read to prospective telephone
bidders and notified to clients who have left
commission bids, or an announcement made by the
auctioneer either at the beginning of the sale, or
before a particular lot is auctioned.
UPPER CASE type: means having all capital
letters.
warranty: a statement or representation in which
the person making it guarantees that the facts set
out in it are correct.

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STORAGE AND COLLECTION